Capsule shell

The two main types are Gelatin and HPMC (Vegetarian). Gelatin capsules, derived from bovine or porcine collagen, are cost-effective and have high oxygen barrier properties. HPMC capsules are ideal for plant-based, Halal, or Kosher markets and are more stable for moisture-sensitive ingredients due to their lower water content (5-7% vs. 13-15% for gelatin).

Capsule shells come in standard sizes ranging from 000 (largest) to 5 (smallest). Size 0 and 00 are the most common for dietary supplements. You must ensure the outer diameter and length tolerances are strictly controlled (usually within ±0.3mm) to prevent jamming or breakage during high-speed automated filling processes.

Suppliers must provide ISO 9001 for quality management and GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) certificates. For food and pharma applications, look for FDA registration, COA (Certificate of Analysis) for every batch, and specific dietary certifications like Halal, Kosher, or Non-GMO to meet regional consumer demands.

Disintegration is a key performance metric; standard shells should dissolve in gastric juice within 15 minutes. If your product requires targeted release, you should source acid-resistant (enteric) capsules that protect ingredients from stomach acid and dissolve only in the small intestine.

Capsule shells are extremely fragile and sensitive to temperature/humidity. Ensure the supplier uses 5-layer corrugated cartons with anti-static plastic liners. For long-distance sea freight, it is highly recommended to use temperature-controlled containers (Reefer) maintained between 15-25°C to prevent deformation or brittleness.

Focus on the defect rate guarantee; top-tier suppliers should promise a breakage rate of less than 0.01%. Negotiate for customized printing (axial or radial) which can serve as an anti-counterfeiting measure. For bulk orders, aim for a 10-20% discount when purchasing in full container loads (FCL).

Always verify the supplier's Business License and export qualifications. Use secure payment methods and consider third-party factory audits to inspect the cleanroom environment (Class 100,000 or higher). For reliable sourcing, platforms like Made-in-China.com provide verified supplier profiles and trade security services.

Capsule shells are often classified under HS Code 9602.00 or 1905.90. Because they are animal or plant-derived, you must provide a Health Certificate and a Phytosanitary Certificate. Failure to align documentation with your local Customs and Border Protection requirements can lead to expensive quarantine delays.