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Flame retardants generally work through three main mechanisms: Cooling Effect (endothermic reactions), Barrier Formation (protective char layer), and Gas Phase Inhibition (releasing non-combustible gases or radical scavengers).

Additive Flame Retardants are physically mixed into the material and do not chemically bond, making them versatile. Reactive Flame Retardants are chemically bonded into the polymer chain, offering better long-term stability and preventing leaching.

A synergist is a substance that significantly enhances the flame-retardant effect when used in combination. Antimony Trioxide (Sb2O3) is the most common synergist used with halogenated flame retardants like CP-70 to create a more effective barrier against fire.

Modern flame retardants are subject to strict regulatory standards (such as REACH and TSCA) and are often non-toxic and low-odor. However, proper handling procedures like wearing PPE should always be followed during industrial processing.

It depends on the type and amount used. Some can act as plasticizers or fillers, potentially impacting tensile strength or transparency. It is important to balance the formulation to maintain desired mechanical properties.