SourcingAI

Center bulb waterstop manufacturers

I have found results from400+products and200+suppliers aboutCenter bulb waterstop

Hengshui Jingtong Rubber Co., Ltd.mic-icon
Satisfies 2/2 of your requirements
Concrete Rubber Water Stop Center Bulb PVC Waterstop for Building Concrete Joints

Concrete Rubber Water Stop Center Bulb PVC Waterstop for Building Concrete Joints

US$1.50-2.50
100 Meters(MOQ)
Sample Available
10×20mm Waterproof Center Bulb EPDM Rubber Water Stop for Concrete Joint

10×20mm Waterproof Center Bulb EPDM Rubber Water Stop for Concrete Joint

US$1.58-2.88
50 Meters(MOQ)
Waterproof Center Bulb Waterstop Buried Filler Rubber Waterstop for Concrete Deformation Joints

Waterproof Center Bulb Waterstop Buried Filler Rubber Waterstop for Concrete Deformation Joints

US$1.99-5.99
100 Meters(MOQ)
Waterproof PVC Waterstop Center Bulb Type PVC Waterstop for Tunnel Basement

Waterproof PVC Waterstop Center Bulb Type PVC Waterstop for Tunnel Basement

US$3.80-4.80
1,000 Meters(MOQ)
Buried /Center Bulb Rubber Waterstop for Swimming Pool Concrete Joint

Buried /Center Bulb Rubber Waterstop for Swimming Pool Concrete Joint

US$1.88-2.88
500 Meters(MOQ)
Sample Available
230mm PVC Waterstop 10mm Thick Dumbbell PVC Waterstop Strip

230mm PVC Waterstop 10mm Thick Dumbbell PVC Waterstop Strip

US$3.50-4.50
100 Meters(MOQ)
ASTM Standard Center Bulb PVC Waterstop for Dam and Bridge Concrete Joint

ASTM Standard Center Bulb PVC Waterstop for Dam and Bridge Concrete Joint

US$3.80-4.80
100 Meters(MOQ)
Concrete Rubber Water Stop Center Bulb Rubber Waterstops for Swimming Pool Joints

Concrete Rubber Water Stop Center Bulb Rubber Waterstops for Swimming Pool Joints

US$4.00-5.00
500 Meters(MOQ)
Center Bulb PVC Water Stopper Dumbbell PVC Waterstop for Concrete Joint Waterproofing

Center Bulb PVC Water Stopper Dumbbell PVC Waterstop for Concrete Joint Waterproofing

US$2.88-4.88
100 Meters(MOQ)
Jingtong Rubber Back-Applied Rubber/Center Bulb Rubber Water Stops for Concrete Joint

Jingtong Rubber Back-Applied Rubber/Center Bulb Rubber Water Stops for Concrete Joint

US$3.00
100 Meters(MOQ)
Sample Available
Center Bulb NBR Waterstop Rubber Waterstop with Steel Edged

Center Bulb NBR Waterstop Rubber Waterstop with Steel Edged

US$3.00-5.00
10 Meters(MOQ)
Sample Available
Internal/External PVC Waterstop Belt for Concrete Construction Joints, Ribbed Center Bulb Waterstop for Dams

Internal/External PVC Waterstop Belt for Concrete Construction Joints, Ribbed Center Bulb Waterstop for Dams

US$0.88-2.88
1 Meter(MOQ)
Sample Available
Center Bulb Waterproof PVC Water Stop Barrier for Concrete Joints Construction

Center Bulb Waterproof PVC Water Stop Barrier for Concrete Joints Construction

US$1.80-2.80
100 Meters(MOQ)
Center Bulb PVC Waterstop Waterproof PVC Waterstop for Dams Concrete Joint Sealing

Center Bulb PVC Waterstop Waterproof PVC Waterstop for Dams Concrete Joint Sealing

US$2.20-2.80
500 Meters(MOQ)
Sample Available
Customizable Center Bulb PVC Waterstop for Concrete Waterproof Building Materials

Customizable Center Bulb PVC Waterstop for Concrete Waterproof Building Materials

US$0.88-2.88
100 Meters(MOQ)
Sample Available
Center Bulb PVC Water Stop PVC Material Waterstop for Basement Waterproof

Center Bulb PVC Water Stop PVC Material Waterstop for Basement Waterproof

US$1.80-2.80
100 Meters(MOQ)
Center Bulb PVC Waterstop / Buried PVC Rubber Water Stops for Construction Joint

Center Bulb PVC Waterstop / Buried PVC Rubber Water Stops for Construction Joint

US$2.88-4.88
100 Meters(MOQ)
Sample Available
Buried PVC Rubber Waterstop Center Bulb Waterstop for Swimming Pool Concrete Joint

Buried PVC Rubber Waterstop Center Bulb Waterstop for Swimming Pool Concrete Joint

US$0.90-2.80
100 Meters(MOQ)
PVC/EPDM Rubber Waterstop Strip Center Bulb Water Stop for Tunnel Concrete Joint

PVC/EPDM Rubber Waterstop Strip Center Bulb Water Stop for Tunnel Concrete Joint

US$2.88-3.88
100 Meters(MOQ)
Center Bulb PVC Waterstop Belt Concrete Waterstop for Dam Tunnel Expansion Joints

Center Bulb PVC Waterstop Belt Concrete Waterstop for Dam Tunnel Expansion Joints

US$2.50-5.00
500 Meters(MOQ)
Center Bulb Steel Edge PVC Rubber Waterstop for Construction Waterproof

Center Bulb Steel Edge PVC Rubber Waterstop for Construction Waterproof

US$4.50-8.50
100 Meters(MOQ)
Concrete Center Bulb PVC Waterstop Belt for Expansion Joints PVC Water Stop

Concrete Center Bulb PVC Waterstop Belt for Expansion Joints PVC Water Stop

US$1.28-4.88
100 Meters(MOQ)
Sample Available
Jingtong Rubber Water Stop with Center Bulb Buried Waterstop

Jingtong Rubber Water Stop with Center Bulb Buried Waterstop

US$1.50-2.20
500 Meters(MOQ)
Sample Available
300mm Plastic Center Bulb PVC Waterstop for Sewage Treatment Plant

300mm Plastic Center Bulb PVC Waterstop for Sewage Treatment Plant

US$3.00-4.50
100 Meters(MOQ)
Waterproof Center Bulb & Buried Rubber Waterstop for Tunnel Subway Concrete Deformation Joints

Waterproof Center Bulb & Buried Rubber Waterstop for Tunnel Subway Concrete Deformation Joints

US$3.50-5.80
50 Meters(MOQ)
Sample Available
Center Bulb PVC Rubber Waterstop Belt Waterproof PVC Waterstop for Basement

Center Bulb PVC Rubber Waterstop Belt Waterproof PVC Waterstop for Basement

US$1.20-2.80
10 Meters(MOQ)
Center Bulb PVC Waterstop Belt for Construction Joint Waterproofing Rubber Waterstop

Center Bulb PVC Waterstop Belt for Construction Joint Waterproofing Rubber Waterstop

US$1.80-2.80
100 Meters(MOQ)
Hydraphilic Center Bulb Rubber Water Stop for Waterproofing Construction Joints in Basements

Hydraphilic Center Bulb Rubber Water Stop for Waterproofing Construction Joints in Basements

US$1.80-2.80
100 Meters(MOQ)
Waterproof PVC Waterstop Profiles Center Bulb PVC Waterstop Belt for Tunnel Wall

Waterproof PVC Waterstop Profiles Center Bulb PVC Waterstop Belt for Tunnel Wall

US$2.20-2.80
500 Meters(MOQ)
Sample Available
Industrial Waterproof Center Bulb Rubber Water Stop for Building Concrete Joints

Industrial Waterproof Center Bulb Rubber Water Stop for Building Concrete Joints

US$1.80-3.50
1 Meter(MOQ)
Concrete PVC Waterstop Joint Center Bulb PVC Waterstop for Basement Construction Joint

Concrete PVC Waterstop Joint Center Bulb PVC Waterstop for Basement Construction Joint

US$2.88-3.88
100 Meters(MOQ)
Waterproof Dumbbell PVC Waterstop Center Bulb PVC Water Stop for Tunnel

Waterproof Dumbbell PVC Waterstop Center Bulb PVC Water Stop for Tunnel

US$2.80-3.88
100 Meters(MOQ)
Waterproof PVC Waterstop Center Bulb PVC Water Stop Belt for Bridge

Waterproof PVC Waterstop Center Bulb PVC Water Stop Belt for Bridge

US$2.88-3.88
100 Meters(MOQ)
Dumbbell Center Bulb PVC Waterstop Waterproof Waterstop Belt for Concrete Joint

Dumbbell Center Bulb PVC Waterstop Waterproof Waterstop Belt for Concrete Joint

US$2.88-4.88
500 Meters(MOQ)
Hot Sale Concrete Center Bulb PVC Water Stop for Concrete Expansion Joint

Hot Sale Concrete Center Bulb PVC Water Stop for Concrete Expansion Joint

US$1.80-2.80
100 Meters(MOQ)
Center Bulb PVC Waterstop Belt for Wastewater Treatment Plant Joint

Center Bulb PVC Waterstop Belt for Wastewater Treatment Plant Joint

US$2.20-3.00
1 Meter(MOQ)
Waterproof Center Bulb Rubber Water Stop Belt for Settlement Joints in Dams

Waterproof Center Bulb Rubber Water Stop Belt for Settlement Joints in Dams

US$3.50-4.00
100 Meters(MOQ)
Sample Available
Center Bulb Dumbbell Type PVC Waterstop Belt for Concrete Expansion Tunnel Basement

Center Bulb Dumbbell Type PVC Waterstop Belt for Concrete Expansion Tunnel Basement

US$2.88-4.88
100 Meters(MOQ)
Sample Available
Durable PVC Waterstop Center Bulb Waterstop for Building Waterproofing

Durable PVC Waterstop Center Bulb Waterstop for Building Waterproofing

US$2.88-4.88
10 Meters(MOQ)
200mm PVC Waterstop Strip Center Bulb Waterstop for Waterproof Concrete Construction Joint

200mm PVC Waterstop Strip Center Bulb Waterstop for Waterproof Concrete Construction Joint

US$1.80-2.80
10 Meters(MOQ)
Sample Available
V200 Buried Concrete PVC Waterstop with Center Bulb for Sewage Treatment Plant

V200 Buried Concrete PVC Waterstop with Center Bulb for Sewage Treatment Plant

US$2.88-4.88
100 Meters(MOQ)
Building Waterproof Materials Center Bulb PVC Water Stop for Swimming Pool

Building Waterproof Materials Center Bulb PVC Water Stop for Swimming Pool

US$2.20-3.00
100 Meters(MOQ)
Sample Available
Center Bulb Waterstop Rubber PVC Waterstop in Concrete Joint Building Waterproof Material

Center Bulb Waterstop Rubber PVC Waterstop in Concrete Joint Building Waterproof Material

US$2.00-2.80
1,000 Meters(MOQ)
Sample Available
Waterproof Center Bulb PVC Waterstop Strip for Concrete Construction Joints

Waterproof Center Bulb PVC Waterstop Strip for Concrete Construction Joints

US$1.80-2.80
100 Meters(MOQ)
Center Bulb & Buried Rubber Waterstop for Building Concrete Waterproof

Center Bulb & Buried Rubber Waterstop for Building Concrete Waterproof

US$3.00-4.50
100 Meters(MOQ)
Sample Available
300mm Flexible Center Bulb PVC Rubber Waterstop Buried PVC Waterstop for Basement

300mm Flexible Center Bulb PVC Rubber Waterstop Buried PVC Waterstop for Basement

US$2.28-3.88
100 Meters(MOQ)
Sample Available
Waterproof Material Center Bulb Self-Adhesive PVC Waterstop for Construction Joint

Waterproof Material Center Bulb Self-Adhesive PVC Waterstop for Construction Joint

US$4.50-5.00
500 Meters(MOQ)
PVC Rubber Water Stop Center Bulb PVC Waterstop for Tunnel Construction Joint

PVC Rubber Water Stop Center Bulb PVC Waterstop for Tunnel Construction Joint

US$1.50-2.50
10 Meters(MOQ)
Sample Available
Waterproof PVC Waterstop Without Center Bulb for External Construction Joint

Waterproof PVC Waterstop Without Center Bulb for External Construction Joint

US$2.80-3.50
100 Meters(MOQ)
Hengshui Aohong Engineering Materials Co., Ltdmic-icon
Satisfies 2/2 of your requirements
Manufacturer China PVC Waterstop Center Bulb PVC Water Stop for Basement

Manufacturer China PVC Waterstop Center Bulb PVC Water Stop for Basement

US$1.35-8.62
10 Square Meters(MOQ)
Construction Use Ribbed with Center Bulb Steel Edge Waterstop for Construction Site Municipal Tunnel and Bridge Waterstop

Construction Use Ribbed with Center Bulb Steel Edge Waterstop for Construction Site Municipal Tunnel and Bridge Waterstop

US$1.35-8.62
10 Square Meters(MOQ)
Construction Use Ribbed with Center Bulb Steel Edge Waterstop for Concrete Joint Bridge Waterstop

Construction Use Ribbed with Center Bulb Steel Edge Waterstop for Concrete Joint Bridge Waterstop

US$1.35-8.62
10 Square Meters(MOQ)
Low Price Type C150/200/250/300 Construction Joint Plastic PVC Waterstop with Center Bulb

Low Price Type C150/200/250/300 Construction Joint Plastic PVC Waterstop with Center Bulb

US$0.20-2.00
50 Meters(MOQ)
Factory Price Rubber Water Stop Construction Coil Roll Pattern Swimming Pool Building Waterproofing Rubber Waterstop

Factory Price Rubber Water Stop Construction Coil Roll Pattern Swimming Pool Building Waterproofing Rubber Waterstop

US$1.35-8.62
10 Square Meters(MOQ)
Center Bulb PVC Waterstop for Retaining Wall Building Waterproof Material Buried PVC Water Stop for Concrete Joints

Center Bulb PVC Waterstop for Retaining Wall Building Waterproof Material Buried PVC Water Stop for Concrete Joints

US$0.20-2.00
50 Meters(MOQ)
Construction Joint Center Bulb Rubber Waterstop PVC Water Stoppers Building Waterproof Material PVC Waterstop for Concrete Joint

Construction Joint Center Bulb Rubber Waterstop PVC Water Stoppers Building Waterproof Material PVC Waterstop for Concrete Joint

US$0.20-2.00
50 Meters(MOQ)
High Quality Rubber China PVC Waterstop for Construction Concrete Expansion Joint Center Bulb PVC Water Stop

High Quality Rubber China PVC Waterstop for Construction Concrete Expansion Joint Center Bulb PVC Water Stop

US$0.20-2.00
50 Meters(MOQ)
Steel-Edge Rubber Waterstop Center Bulb Steel Edge Rubber Water Stop Belt Natural Rubber Water Stop with Steel Edges

Steel-Edge Rubber Waterstop Center Bulb Steel Edge Rubber Water Stop Belt Natural Rubber Water Stop with Steel Edges

US$0.20-2.00
10 Meters(MOQ)
Rubber PVC Water Stop for Tunnel Formwork PVC Buried/Back Stick Waterstop Center Bulb/Dumbbell Type Rubber Water Stop

Rubber PVC Water Stop for Tunnel Formwork PVC Buried/Back Stick Waterstop Center Bulb/Dumbbell Type Rubber Water Stop

US$0.20-2.00
50 Meters(MOQ)
Ribbed with Center Bulb Rubber Waterstop with Steel Edged Rubber Waterstop

Ribbed with Center Bulb Rubber Waterstop with Steel Edged Rubber Waterstop

US$0.20-2.00
10 Meters(MOQ)
Dumbbell or Center Bulb PVC Waterstop Buried/Back Stick Rubber Waterstop Building Waterproofing Materials for Concrete Joints

Dumbbell or Center Bulb PVC Waterstop Buried/Back Stick Rubber Waterstop Building Waterproofing Materials for Concrete Joints

US$0.20-2.00
50 Meters(MOQ)
Waterproof Materials Buried/Back Stick Type PVC Water Stop for Building Concrete Joints High Quality PVC Center Bulb Wterstop

Waterproof Materials Buried/Back Stick Type PVC Water Stop for Building Concrete Joints High Quality PVC Center Bulb Wterstop

US$0.20-2.00
50 Meters(MOQ)
Water Proofing Materials PVC Dumbbell Waterstop for Basement

Water Proofing Materials PVC Dumbbell Waterstop for Basement

US$1.35-8.62
10 Square Meters(MOQ)
Ribbed Center-Bulb Dumbbell-Shaped Rubber Waterstop Belt in Concrete Joints Waterproof Material

Ribbed Center-Bulb Dumbbell-Shaped Rubber Waterstop Belt in Concrete Joints Waterproof Material

US$0.20-2.00
10 Meters(MOQ)
" Dumbbell " Series PVC Waterstop Center Bulb PVC Water Stop Buried/Back Stick PVC Rubber Waterstop for Basement

" Dumbbell " Series PVC Waterstop Center Bulb PVC Water Stop Buried/Back Stick PVC Rubber Waterstop for Basement

US$0.20-2.00
50 Meters(MOQ)
Durable Dumb Bell Type with Center Bulb Rubber Waterstop

Durable Dumb Bell Type with Center Bulb Rubber Waterstop

US$0.20-2.00
10 Meters(MOQ)
Selling High-Quality C150/200/250/300 Construction Joint Plastic PVC Waterstop Center Light Bulb

Selling High-Quality C150/200/250/300 Construction Joint Plastic PVC Waterstop Center Light Bulb

US$0.20-2.00
50 Meters(MOQ)
PVC Waterstop Center Bulb for Construction and Architecture Featuring Rubber and Steel

PVC Waterstop Center Bulb for Construction and Architecture Featuring Rubber and Steel

US$1.35-8.62
10 Square Meters(MOQ)
Rubber Water Stop with Center Ball Head and Ribbed Steel Edge for Construction

Rubber Water Stop with Center Ball Head and Ribbed Steel Edge for Construction

US$1.35-8.62
10 Square Meters(MOQ)
Reinforced Type High-Pressure Resistant Steel Edge Composite Waterstop

Reinforced Type High-Pressure Resistant Steel Edge Composite Waterstop

US$1.35-8.62
10 Square Meters(MOQ)
Hebei Yizhuo New Material Technology Co., Ltd.mic-icon
Satisfies 2/2 of your requirements
External Center Bulb PVC Water Stopper (Waterstop) with Waterproofing for Tunnel and Basement Concrete Joint.

External Center Bulb PVC Water Stopper (Waterstop) with Waterproofing for Tunnel and Basement Concrete Joint.

US$2.0012
500 Meters(MOQ)
Sample Available
Center Bulb and Center Bulb Wing Edge PVC Waterstops for Concrete Joints in Wastewater Treatment Plants.

Center Bulb and Center Bulb Wing Edge PVC Waterstops for Concrete Joints in Wastewater Treatment Plants.

US$2.0012
500 Meters(MOQ)
Sample Available
Chemical Resistant Embedded Dumbbell Centerbulb PVC Waterstop for Water Tank Expansion Joint

Chemical Resistant Embedded Dumbbell Centerbulb PVC Waterstop for Water Tank Expansion Joint

US$2.00-8.00
200 Meters(MOQ)
Sample Available
Centrally Placed PVC Waterstop, Dumbbell with Centerbulb Type for Expansion Joint Waterproofing

Centrally Placed PVC Waterstop, Dumbbell with Centerbulb Type for Expansion Joint Waterproofing

US$2.00-12.00
200 Meters(MOQ)
Sample Available
PVC Dumbbell Waterstop & Center Bulb Waterstops for Basement and Reservoir Joint Waterproofing.

PVC Dumbbell Waterstop & Center Bulb Waterstops for Basement and Reservoir Joint Waterproofing.

US$2.0012
500 Meters(MOQ)
Sample Available
ASTM Standard Flexible PVC Waterstop with Center Bulb for Concrete Expansion Joints.

ASTM Standard Flexible PVC Waterstop with Center Bulb for Concrete Expansion Joints.

US$2.0012
500 Meters(MOQ)
Sample Available
Flexible PVC Dumbbell Waterstop and Center Bulb Waterstops for Tunnel Waterproofing.

Flexible PVC Dumbbell Waterstop and Center Bulb Waterstops for Tunnel Waterproofing.

US$2.0012
500 Meters(MOQ)
Sample Available
Flexible Center-Bulb / Middle Buried (Internal) PVC Waterstops for Concrete Construction Joints.

Flexible Center-Bulb / Middle Buried (Internal) PVC Waterstops for Concrete Construction Joints.

US$2.0012
500 Meters(MOQ)
Sample Available
Embedded Dumbbell with Centerbulb PVC Waterstop for Expansion Joints Waterproofing

Embedded Dumbbell with Centerbulb PVC Waterstop for Expansion Joints Waterproofing

US$4.00
200 Meters(MOQ)
Sample Available
300mm Center Bulb PVC Waterstop for Concrete Joints

300mm Center Bulb PVC Waterstop for Concrete Joints

US$2.0012
500 Meters(MOQ)
Sample Available
Center Bulb PVC Waterstop for Tunnel and Culvert Construction

Center Bulb PVC Waterstop for Tunnel and Culvert Construction

US$2.0012
500 Meters(MOQ)
Sample Available
China PVC Water Stop 300mm Center Bulb Type

China PVC Water Stop 300mm Center Bulb Type

US$2.0012
500 Meters(MOQ)
Sample Available
Waterproof PVC Waterstop Without Center Bulb for External Construction Joints and Concrete Walls.

Waterproof PVC Waterstop Without Center Bulb for External Construction Joints and Concrete Walls.

US$2.0012
500 Meters(MOQ)
Sample Available

Sourcing guidance for Center Bulb Waterstop

What are the key material specifications to consider when sourcing Center Bulb Waterstops?

Buyers should prioritize materials based on the chemical environment and joint movement. PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) is the industry standard for most construction due to its high tensile strength (≥12 MPa) and chemical resistance. For projects involving extreme temperatures or petroleum exposure, TPV (Thermoplastic Vulcanizate) or Rubber (SBR/Neoprene) may be required. Ensure the material meets ASTM D638 for tensile strength and ASTM D2240 for Shore A hardness (typically 65-85 Shore A).

How does the 'Center Bulb' design impact product selection for expansion joints?

The center bulb is critical for accommodating multi-directional joint movement (lateral, transverse, and shear). When selecting, verify the bulb's outer diameter and wall thickness; a larger bulb allows for greater joint expansion and contraction without rupturing the waterstop. For high-pressure applications, ensure the bulb is hollow to maintain flexibility while the ribbed 'flanges' provide the necessary mechanical anchor in the concrete.

What compliance standards are mandatory for international infrastructure projects?

For B2B procurement, products must adhere to recognized standards such as CRD-C 572 (U.S. Corps of Engineers) for PVC waterstops or BS 2571 in British Standard markets. If the waterstop is used in potable water tanks, it must be NSF/ANSI 61 certified or equivalent to ensure no toxic leaching occurs. Always request factory test reports (MTC) to verify elongation at break (typically ≥300%).

What technical features ensure long-term sealing performance in concrete structures?

Look for a multi-ribbed profile (at least 3-4 ribs per side) which increases the fluid migration path, effectively creating multiple seals. The presence of pre-punched eyelets along the edges is a significant advantage, as they allow for secure wire-tying to reinforcement steel, preventing the waterstop from folding or shifting during the concrete pour.

Cross-Border Procurement & Risk Management for Waterstops

How can I mitigate quality risks when sourcing from overseas suppliers?

Request a pre-shipment inspection (PSI) by a third party like SGS or Intertek to verify dimensional accuracy and material density. On Made-in-China.com, prioritize 'Audited Suppliers' who have undergone rigorous on-site verification of their manufacturing capabilities and quality management systems.

What are the best practices for negotiating lead times and shipping for heavy rubber/PVC goods?

Waterstops are heavy and bulky; therefore, Sea Freight (FCL or LCL) is the most economical method. Negotiate for UV-resistant packaging (black PE film) because prolonged exposure to sunlight at ports can degrade PVC/Rubber properties. For large infrastructure projects, aim for a staggered delivery schedule to align with the concrete pouring phases on-site.

How should I handle technical communication regarding 'Splicing' and 'Joining'?

Ensure the supplier provides thermal splicing tools (teflon-coated heating irons) compatible with their specific material. Ask for factory-fabricated transitions (L-shaped, T-shaped, or X-shaped intersections), as field-splicing complex joints is a common failure point in waterproofing. Confirm that the supplier can provide detailed installation manuals in English.

What transaction security measures should be taken for bulk B2B orders?

Use Trade Assurance services provided by Made-in-China.com to protect your payment until the goods are dispatched. For high-value contracts, utilize a Letter of Credit (L/C) or a 30% deposit / 70% against Bill of Lading (B/L) payment structure to balance the risk between the buyer and the manufacturer.

Related queries