When evaluating a Handheld XRF (X-ray Fluorescence) analyzer, the most critical component is the detector type. Silicon Drift Detectors (SDD) are the industry standard for high-speed, high-resolution analysis of light elements (Mg, Al, Si, P, S), whereas PIN diode detectors are more cost-effective for basic heavy metal identification. You must also verify the X-ray tube voltage (typically 40-50kV) and wattage, as these determine the penetration power and the range of elements the device can detect.