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Human body silicone manufacturers

I have found results from1000+products and800+suppliers aboutHuman body silicone

Dongguan gangtian polymer materials Co.Ltd.mic-icon
Satisfies 2/2 of your requirements
Medical Grade RTV2 Liquid Platinum Cured Silicone for Making Human Anatomical Heart Silicon Mold

Medical Grade RTV2 Liquid Platinum Cured Silicone for Making Human Anatomical Heart Silicon Mold

US$4.88-7.88
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Skin Safe Casting/Silicon Skin Making/Human Body Parts Liquid Silicone

Skin Safe Casting/Silicon Skin Making/Human Body Parts Liquid Silicone

US$6.80-8.80
999 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Skin Safe Realistic Silicone Toy/Skin/Human Body Making Liquid Silicone

Skin Safe Realistic Silicone Toy/Skin/Human Body Making Liquid Silicone

US$6.90-8.80
999 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Medical Grade Casting/Silicon Skin Making/Human Body Parts Liquid Silicone

Medical Grade Casting/Silicon Skin Making/Human Body Parts Liquid Silicone

US$6.80-8.80
999 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Skin Safe Soft Lifecasting Human Mask Making Silicone

Skin Safe Soft Lifecasting Human Mask Making Silicone

US$6.80-8.80
999 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Hot Selling Skin Making/Human Body Parts Liquid Silicone

Hot Selling Skin Making/Human Body Parts Liquid Silicone

US$6.80-8.80
999 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Super Softmedical Grade Making Reborn Full Body Platinum Silicone

Super Softmedical Grade Making Reborn Full Body Platinum Silicone

US$6.80-8.80
999 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Skin Safe Human Organs/Dolls Making Platinum Liquid Silicone

Skin Safe Human Organs/Dolls Making Platinum Liquid Silicone

US$6.80-8.80
999 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Hot Sale Skin Safe Grade Liquid Life Casting Silicone Rubber RTV-2 for Casting Human Body Making

Hot Sale Skin Safe Grade Liquid Life Casting Silicone Rubber RTV-2 for Casting Human Body Making

US$6.66-8.00
100 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Medical Grade Platinum Cured Artificial Body Making Liquid Silicone

Medical Grade Platinum Cured Artificial Body Making Liquid Silicone

US$6.90-8.80
999 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Factory 20 Years Medical Grade Silicone for Human Body Parts

Factory 20 Years Medical Grade Silicone for Human Body Parts

US$5.58-7.88
999 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Skin Safe Silicone Imitates Human Skin Silicon Soft and Flexible Silicone

Skin Safe Silicone Imitates Human Skin Silicon Soft and Flexible Silicone

US$8.86-9.86
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
RTV Silicone Liquid Silicone Rubber Material for Human Body Mold Making

RTV Silicone Liquid Silicone Rubber Material for Human Body Mold Making

US$8.86-9.98
500 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Two-Component Silicone Platinum Cured Body Silicone

Two-Component Silicone Platinum Cured Body Silicone

US$4.58-7.88
999 Pieces(MOQ)
Sample Available
Factory Sale Life Casting Platinum-Based Addition Cure Silicone Rubber RTV-2 Making for Safe Human Body Silicon Mold

Factory Sale Life Casting Platinum-Based Addition Cure Silicone Rubber RTV-2 Making for Safe Human Body Silicon Mold

US$6.88-8.88
999 Pieces(MOQ)
Sample Available
Reborn Baby Dolls Silicone Full Body Silicone Raw Material Silicone Baby Doll

Reborn Baby Dolls Silicone Full Body Silicone Raw Material Silicone Baby Doll

Negotiable
200 Pieces(MOQ)
Two Component Dragon Skin Safe Liquid Mold Silicone Rubber Materials for Human Body Part

Two Component Dragon Skin Safe Liquid Mold Silicone Rubber Materials for Human Body Part

US$6.50-8.50
1 kg(MOQ)
The Human Body Prosthesis Raw Material Liquid Silicone

The Human Body Prosthesis Raw Material Liquid Silicone

US$7.86-9.86
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Skin Color Medical Grade Gangtian Silicone Free Sample Liquid Silicone Rubber of Making Mold for Human Artificial Vagina

Skin Color Medical Grade Gangtian Silicone Free Sample Liquid Silicone Rubber of Making Mold for Human Artificial Vagina

US$5.58-7.88
999 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Silicon Factory Supply for Making Real Newborn Realistic Full Body

Silicon Factory Supply for Making Real Newborn Realistic Full Body

US$5.58-7.88
999 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
0-50 Shore a Mold Making Liquid Silicone Rubber for Human Organ

0-50 Shore a Mold Making Liquid Silicone Rubber for Human Organ

US$4.88-7.88
100 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
RTV2 Medical Soft Lifecasting Materials Platinum Liquid Silicone Rubber for Body Parts

RTV2 Medical Soft Lifecasting Materials Platinum Liquid Silicone Rubber for Body Parts

US$6.50-8.50
1 kg(MOQ)
Food Grade Liquid Silicone RTV-2 for Casting Human Body Parts

Food Grade Liquid Silicone RTV-2 for Casting Human Body Parts

US$5.58-7.88
999 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Soft Silicone Food Grade Liquid Silicone Rubber for Human Body Mold

Soft Silicone Food Grade Liquid Silicone Rubber for Human Body Mold

US$5.60-7.80
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
RTV-2 Life Casting Platinum Cure Liquid Silicone Rubber for Body Parts Casting

RTV-2 Life Casting Platinum Cure Liquid Silicone Rubber for Body Parts Casting

US$5.60-7.80
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Raw Materials Skin Color Medical Grade Lifecasting Liquid Silicone Rubber for Silicon Special Effect Skin /Human Body Parts

Raw Materials Skin Color Medical Grade Lifecasting Liquid Silicone Rubber for Silicon Special Effect Skin /Human Body Parts

US$5.58-7.88
999 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Medical Grade Liquid Silicone Rubber for Silicon Skin Human Body Parts

Medical Grade Liquid Silicone Rubber for Silicon Skin Human Body Parts

US$8.86-9.86
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Soft Liquid Silicone Rubber Mold for Body Parts

Soft Liquid Silicone Rubber Mold for Body Parts

US$6.86-8.86
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Greek Retro Half-Length Sculpture Human Figure Candle Soap Resin Mold for High Quality RTV2 Liquid Silicone Rubber Making

Greek Retro Half-Length Sculpture Human Figure Candle Soap Resin Mold for High Quality RTV2 Liquid Silicone Rubber Making

US$5.88-7.88
999 Pieces(MOQ)
Sample Available
1: 1 Clear Liquid Silicon Rubber for Human Realistic Silicone Mask

1: 1 Clear Liquid Silicon Rubber for Human Realistic Silicone Mask

US$5.58-7.88
999 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Food Grade Platinum Silicon Rubber for Realistic Human Skin Silicone Mask

Food Grade Platinum Silicon Rubber for Realistic Human Skin Silicone Mask

US$5.58-7.88
999 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
LSR Free Sample Platinum Silicone Liquid RTV-2 Silicone for Human Part Dolls Sex Toys

LSR Free Sample Platinum Silicone Liquid RTV-2 Silicone for Human Part Dolls Sex Toys

US$7.68-8.80
1 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Zhejiang Change Silicone Materials Co., Ltd.mic-icon
Satisfies 2/2 of your requirements
Silicone Elastomer Gel Dimethicone Crosspolymer Premium Cosmetic Raw Material For Smooth Non-Greasy Skin Care Makeup Personal Care Applications 5-421

Silicone Elastomer Gel Dimethicone Crosspolymer Premium Cosmetic Raw Material For Smooth Non-Greasy Skin Care Makeup Personal Care Applications 5-421

US$7.00
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Silicone Elastomer Gel Dimethicone Crosspolymer Premium Cosmetic Raw Material For Smooth Non-Greasy Hair Treatments Makeup Personal Care Applications 5-421

Silicone Elastomer Gel Dimethicone Crosspolymer Premium Cosmetic Raw Material For Smooth Non-Greasy Hair Treatments Makeup Personal Care Applications 5-421

US$7.00
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Silicone Elastomer Gel PDMS Crosspolymer Premium Cosmetic Raw Material For Smooth Non-Greasy Skin Care Makeup Personal Care Applications 5-420

Silicone Elastomer Gel PDMS Crosspolymer Premium Cosmetic Raw Material For Smooth Non-Greasy Skin Care Makeup Personal Care Applications 5-420

US$7.00
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Silicone Elastomer Gel Dimethicone Crosspolymer Cosmetic Grade Raw Material For Smooth Non-Greasy Skin Care Makeup Personal Care Applications 5-420

Silicone Elastomer Gel Dimethicone Crosspolymer Cosmetic Grade Raw Material For Smooth Non-Greasy Skin Care Makeup Personal Care Applications 5-420

US$7.00
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Silicone Elastomer Gel Dimethicone CrosspolymerAdvanced Cosmetic Raw Material For Smooth Non-Greasy Hair Treatments Makeup Personal Care Applications 5-420

Silicone Elastomer Gel Dimethicone CrosspolymerAdvanced Cosmetic Raw Material For Smooth Non-Greasy Hair Treatments Makeup Personal Care Applications 5-420

US$7.00
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Silicone Elastomer Gel Dimethicone Crosspolymer Advanced Cosmetic Raw Material For Smooth Non-Greasy Hair Treatments Makeup Personal Care Applications 5-420

Silicone Elastomer Gel Dimethicone Crosspolymer Advanced Cosmetic Raw Material For Smooth Non-Greasy Hair Treatments Makeup Personal Care Applications 5-420

US$7.00
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Silicone Elastomer Gel PDMS Crosspolymer Premium Cosmetic Raw Material For Smooth Non-Greasy Skin Makeup Personal Care Applications 5-421

Silicone Elastomer Gel PDMS Crosspolymer Premium Cosmetic Raw Material For Smooth Non-Greasy Skin Makeup Personal Care Applications 5-421

US$7.00
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Silicone Elastomer Gel Cyclopentasiloxane Crosspolymer Advanced Cosmetic Raw Material For Moisture Retention Hair Treatments Luxurious Skin Applications

Silicone Elastomer Gel Cyclopentasiloxane Crosspolymer Advanced Cosmetic Raw Material For Moisture Retention Hair Treatments Luxurious Skin Applications

US$7.00
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Silicone Elastomer Gel PDMS Crosspolymer Advanced Cosmetic Raw Material For Smooth Non-Greasy Skin Care Makeup Personal Care Applications 5-420

Silicone Elastomer Gel PDMS Crosspolymer Advanced Cosmetic Raw Material For Smooth Non-Greasy Skin Care Makeup Personal Care Applications 5-420

US$7.00
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Silicone Elastomer Gel PDMS Crosspolymer Advanced Cosmetic Raw Material For Ultimate Moisture Retention Hair Treatments Luxurious Skin Applications 5-440

Silicone Elastomer Gel PDMS Crosspolymer Advanced Cosmetic Raw Material For Ultimate Moisture Retention Hair Treatments Luxurious Skin Applications 5-440

US$7.00
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Silicone Elastomer Gel Cyclopentasiloxane PEG-10 Dimethicone Crosspolymer for Body Paste Cosmetics

Silicone Elastomer Gel Cyclopentasiloxane PEG-10 Dimethicone Crosspolymer for Body Paste Cosmetics

US$7.00
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Silicone Elastomer Gel Cyclopentasiloxane PEG-10 Dimethicone Crosspolymer for Body Wash Lipstick

Silicone Elastomer Gel Cyclopentasiloxane PEG-10 Dimethicone Crosspolymer for Body Wash Lipstick

US$7.00
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Silicone Elastomer Gel Cyclopentasiloxane PEG-10 Dimethicone Crosspolymer for Body Shower Gel Lipstick

Silicone Elastomer Gel Cyclopentasiloxane PEG-10 Dimethicone Crosspolymer for Body Shower Gel Lipstick

US$7.00
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Silicone Elastomer Gel Hydrogenated polyisobutene Venyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer for Body paste cosmetics

Silicone Elastomer Gel Hydrogenated polyisobutene Venyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer for Body paste cosmetics

US$7.00
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Silicone Elastomer Gel Cyclopentasiloxane vanyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer for Shampoo Body Paste

Silicone Elastomer Gel Cyclopentasiloxane vanyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer for Shampoo Body Paste

US$7.00
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Silicone Elastomer Gel Hydrogenated polyisobutene Venyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer for Body Paste

Silicone Elastomer Gel Hydrogenated polyisobutene Venyl Dimethicone Crosspolymer for Body Paste

US$7.00
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Premium Silicone Elastomer Gel for Versatile Body and Hair Care

Premium Silicone Elastomer Gel for Versatile Body and Hair Care

US$7.00
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Premium Silicone Elastomer Gel for Body Wash and Lipstick

Premium Silicone Elastomer Gel for Body Wash and Lipstick

US$7.00
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Premium Silicone Elastomer Gel for Luxurious Shampoo and Body Wash

Premium Silicone Elastomer Gel for Luxurious Shampoo and Body Wash

US$7.00
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Premium Silicone Elastomer Gel for Luxurious Body Wash

Premium Silicone Elastomer Gel for Luxurious Body Wash

US$7.00
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Silicone translucent Elastomer Gel Skin Soft Protecting for Cosmetics Body lotion 5-411

Silicone translucent Elastomer Gel Skin Soft Protecting for Cosmetics Body lotion 5-411

US$7.50-8.00
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Silicone translucent Elastomer Gel Skin Soft Protecting for Cosmetics Body lotion 5-440

Silicone translucent Elastomer Gel Skin Soft Protecting for Cosmetics Body lotion 5-440

US$7.50-8.00
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Silicone translucent Elastomer Gel Skin Soft Protecting for Cosmetics Body lotion Shampoo 5-411

Silicone translucent Elastomer Gel Skin Soft Protecting for Cosmetics Body lotion Shampoo 5-411

US$7.50-8.00
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Silicone translucent Elastomer Gel Skin Protecting for Cosmetics Body lotion 54-40

Silicone translucent Elastomer Gel Skin Protecting for Cosmetics Body lotion 54-40

US$7.50-8.00
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Organic Silicone translucent Elastomer Gel Skin Soft Protecting for Cosmetics Body lotion 5-440

Organic Silicone translucent Elastomer Gel Skin Soft Protecting for Cosmetics Body lotion 5-440

US$7.50-8.00
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Isododecane and Viny Dimethicone Crosspolymer Silicone gel for Skin Care Shampoo Body Lotion

Isododecane and Viny Dimethicone Crosspolymer Silicone gel for Skin Care Shampoo Body Lotion

US$7.50-8.00
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Cosmetic Body Care  Methyl Low 50cst Hydrogen Silicone Fluid for Chemical Auxiliary Agent Waterproof Function

Cosmetic Body Care Methyl Low 50cst Hydrogen Silicone Fluid for Chemical Auxiliary Agent Waterproof Function

US$0.90-1.50
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Cosmetic Body Care Raw Material Methyl Low 50cst Hydrogen Silicone Fluid for Chemical Auxiliary Agent Waterproof Function

Cosmetic Body Care Raw Material Methyl Low 50cst Hydrogen Silicone Fluid for Chemical Auxiliary Agent Waterproof Function

US$0.90-1.50
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Shenzhen Inibaba Technology Co., Ltd.mic-icon
Satisfies 2/2 of your requirements
RTV2 Platinum Cure Liquid Silicone Rubber Skin Safe Life Casting Silicone for Human Body Simulation Super Soft Low Hardness

RTV2 Platinum Cure Liquid Silicone Rubber Skin Safe Life Casting Silicone for Human Body Simulation Super Soft Low Hardness

US$2.00-15.00
1 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Medical Platinum Liquid Silicone Rubber Flesh Skin Color No Oil Human Body Silicone Raw Material for Full Body Silicone Doll

Medical Platinum Liquid Silicone Rubber Flesh Skin Color No Oil Human Body Silicone Raw Material for Full Body Silicone Doll

US$2.00-15.00
1 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Platinum Cure RTV2 Liquid Silicone Rubber Super Soft Skin Color Human Body Silicone for Silicone Sex Doll Production

Platinum Cure RTV2 Liquid Silicone Rubber Super Soft Skin Color Human Body Silicone for Silicone Sex Doll Production

US$2.00-15.00
1 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Medical Grade Liquid Silicone Rubber Skin Simulation Silicone for Realistic Silicone Doll Prosthetic Body Parts Molding

Medical Grade Liquid Silicone Rubber Skin Simulation Silicone for Realistic Silicone Doll Prosthetic Body Parts Molding

US$2.00-15.00
1 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
1: 1 Two Part Medical Grade Liquid Silicone Rubber Low Shrinkage for Movie Special Effects Makeup Human Skin Prosthetic Casting

1: 1 Two Part Medical Grade Liquid Silicone Rubber Low Shrinkage for Movie Special Effects Makeup Human Skin Prosthetic Casting

US$2.00-15.00
1 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Super Stretch Skin Safe Liquid Silicone Rubber for Sfx Artist Special Effects Makeup Body Life Casting Prosthetics

Super Stretch Skin Safe Liquid Silicone Rubber for Sfx Artist Special Effects Makeup Body Life Casting Prosthetics

US$2.00-15.00
1 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
1: 1 Ab Two Part Platinum Liquid Silicone Rubber Skin Safe Silicone for Lifelike Body Doll Making

1: 1 Ab Two Part Platinum Liquid Silicone Rubber Skin Safe Silicone for Lifelike Body Doll Making

US$2.00-15.00
1 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
3 Layer Human Skin Simulation Silicone Suture Pad with IV Venipuncture Injection Training Pad for Medical School Teaching

3 Layer Human Skin Simulation Silicone Suture Pad with IV Venipuncture Injection Training Pad for Medical School Teaching

US$2.00-15.00
1 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Safe Skin Eco-Friendly Soft Liquid Silicone Rubber Platinum Cured Silicone Rubber for Toy Body Mold Making

Safe Skin Eco-Friendly Soft Liquid Silicone Rubber Platinum Cured Silicone Rubber for Toy Body Mold Making

US$5.00-6.00
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Factory Direct Supplier RTV 2 Liquid Silicone Rubber Material for Human Body Mold Making Low Hardness Silicone Raw Material

Factory Direct Supplier RTV 2 Liquid Silicone Rubber Material for Human Body Mold Making Low Hardness Silicone Raw Material

US$5.00-6.00
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
High Elastic Human Body Silicone Raw Material for Sexual Products Making

High Elastic Human Body Silicone Raw Material for Sexual Products Making

US$6.59-8.72
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Food Grade Simulated Wound Human Body Silicone

Food Grade Simulated Wound Human Body Silicone

US$4.29-6.12
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Super Soft Human Lifecasting RTV Liquid Silicone Rubber Material

Super Soft Human Lifecasting RTV Liquid Silicone Rubber Material

US$5.29-7.12
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available
Non-Toxic Body Safe Liquid Silicone Rubber for Sexy Girl Making

Non-Toxic Body Safe Liquid Silicone Rubber for Sexy Girl Making

US$4.24-6.86
200 kg(MOQ)
Sample Available

Sourcing guidance for Human Body Silicone

What are the key technical specifications to consider when selecting human body silicone?

When sourcing human body silicone (often used for prosthetics, special effects, or medical mannequins), you must prioritize Shore A Hardness (typically ranging from 00-10 for very soft to 30 for firm skin) and Tensile Strength. Ensure the material has high tear resistance to prevent damage during demolding or use. Additionally, verify the pot life (working time) and cure time to match your production schedule, and confirm the viscosity is low enough for easy pouring and bubble release.

What safety and compliance standards are mandatory for skin-contact silicone?

Since this product is designed for human body simulation or contact, it must be Platinum-Cured (Addition Cure) rather than Tin-Cured to ensure it is non-toxic and odorless. You must require ISO 10993 certification for biocompatibility or FDA 21 CFR 177.2600 compliance if it touches skin. Always request a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) and RoHS/REACH reports to ensure the absence of heavy metals and harmful phthalates.

How can I evaluate the realism and functional performance of the silicone?

To achieve a lifelike appearance, look for translucent grades that allow for intrinsic pigmenting (adding color inside the silicone) and extrinsic painting. Check the elongation at break percentage; high-quality body silicone should reach 400% to 800% elongation. For medical training models, ask the supplier if the silicone is suturable and if it maintains its physical properties after repeated needle insertions.

What are the common usage scenarios for human body silicone in a B2B context?

This material is primarily used in the medical simulation industry for creating surgical trainers, the film and entertainment industry for lifelike prosthetics and animatronics, and the orthotics and prosthetics sector for custom liners. It is also widely used in the manufacturing of high-end mannequins and wearable tech testing skins due to its ability to mimic the haptic feedback of human tissue.

Cross-Border Procurement Risks and Strategies for Silicone Materials

How should I handle the shipping of liquid silicone internationally?

Silicone is often classified as a non-hazardous chemical, but many airlines and shipping lines require a DGM (Dangerous Goods Management) report or a Certificate for Safe Transport of Chemical Goods. Ensure your supplier provides these documents in advance to avoid customs seizures. For large volumes, FOB (Free On Board) terms are recommended to maintain control over the specialized logistics providers who handle chemical sensitive cargo.

What are the risks of quality inconsistency and how can I mitigate them?

The biggest risk is batch-to-batch variation in cure speed or color. To mitigate this, negotiate a Golden Sample agreement where the bulk production must match the approved sample's Shore hardness within a ±2 degree tolerance. Use third-party inspection services like those offered through Made-in-China.com to conduct a Pre-Shipment Inspection (PSI), focusing on vacuum-sealed packaging integrity and shelf-life expiration dates.

How can I negotiate better terms with silicone manufacturers?

Focus on Volume-Based Pricing Tiers; silicone raw material costs fluctuate with petroleum prices, so locking in a price for a 6-month supply can protect your margins. Ask for OEM/ODM customization regarding the 'snap time' (curing speed) at no extra cost if ordering over 500kg. Additionally, request free pigment samples or additives (like silicone oil for softening) to be included in your first bulk order as a value-add.

What security measures ensure a safe transaction in cross-border sourcing?

Always conduct transactions through secure payment gateways that offer escrow services. Verify the supplier's Business License and Export Qualifications on Made-in-China.com. Avoid paying 100% upfront; a standard 30% deposit and 70% balance against the Bill of Lading (B/L) is the industry norm for protecting the buyer's capital.

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