The price is primarily driven by size (diameter in mm), integrity (whole vs. split), and drying technique. Whole seeds with a diameter of 10-12mm command the highest prices and are ideal for premium retail packaging. Split seeds are more cost-effective for industrial food processing, such as lotus seed paste production. Additionally, freeze-dried (FD) lotus seeds retain more nutrients and have a crispier texture compared to sun-dried or oven-dried versions, making them suitable for high-end snack markets, though at a higher price point.